Onychoscopic evaluation of various nail disorders at a Tertiary care center

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Original Article

Author Details : Krishnendra Varma, Ujjwal Kumar, Praneeta Jain*

Volume : 6, Issue : 4, Year : 2020

Article Page : 382-390

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijced.2020.075

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Abstract

Background : Nail diseases have always been a challenge for dermatologists. Because diagnosis is not always based on clinical examination and time taken for histopathology KOH or culture examination is long, there has always been a quest for easy and faster method. Onychoscopy, a rapid office-based technique helps see miniscule details, can hence aid in diagnosis.
Aim : To study dermoscopic features in various nail disorders.
Materials and Methods : 126 patients with clinically evident nail diseases were recruited in the crosssectional descriptive study. After clinical examination, all nails were subjected to dermoscopic examination.
Fischer’s exact test was applied with a significance threshold of p<0> Results : Onychomycosis (n=49) was the commonest nail disorder having spiked pattern as the most common (91.8%) dermoscopic feature. Nail psoriasis (n=32) had onycholysis (84.4%) as the most frequent feature. Nail lichen planus (n=5) had longitudinal fissures (80%) while chronic paronychia (n=5) had erythema and scaling on the PNF (100%). Longitudinal melanonychia (n=5) was associated with regular parallel grey/ brown lines in all cases while trachyonychia had longitudinal ridges in 75% cases. Dilated capillaries (75%), microhemorrhages (75%), capillary dropouts (75%) were seen commonly in systemic
sclerosis (n=4). Periungual verruca (n=4) had dermoscopic brownish black dots or globules in 100% cases. Alopecia areata (n=4) showed superficial small pits (100%) most commonly. 
Conclusion : Dermoscopy helps in picking minute details not visible to the naked eye and hence could serve as an important diagnostic tool.

Keywords: Dermoscopy, Longitudinal melanonychia, Nail, Nail lichen planus, Nail psoriasis, Onychomycosis, Onychoscopy, Scleroderma.

How to cite : Varma K, Kumar U, Jain P, Onychoscopic evaluation of various nail disorders at a Tertiary care center. IP Indian J Clin Exp Dermatol 2020;6(4):382-390

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